I’m getting a flood of questions about resumes, so here are seven resume questions and answers.
1. Can my resume just list my last two jobs and leave the earlier ones off?
The company I’m currently employed by is closing. It was sudden and, while not completely unexpected, it’s still a blow. I’m dusting off ye olde resume, but I’m torn on what to leave in and what to leave out.
The issue is my age. I was at the employer before this one for 25 years, until they, too, closed. I was lucky with CurrentJob because the owner is my age, and the ageism that is rampant, (yes, yes it is) wasn’t an issue. Now, however, I’m thinking of only putting CurrentJob and OldJob (a total of 30 years work history) on my resume and leaving off earlier jobs that really don’t pertain to the type of work I’m looking for and won’t boot me out of the hiring process just by virtue of showing my age. Is this okay to do? I already tint my hair (something my mom told me to do after her experiences in job hunting after a certain age) and I just don’t want to be discounted because I’m not young.
It is absolutely okay to only list the last two jobs. In general, you really only need your resume to go back 15 or so years. In your case, you’ll need it to go back further than that since you were at the previous job for so long, but you definitely don’t need to include anything before that.
Keep in mind that a resume is a marketing document, not a comprehensive account of everything you’ve ever done. You’re allowed to pick and choose what to include based on what makes you the strongest candidate for the job you’re applying for. In many/most cases, jobs from 20+ years ago really won’t strengthen your candidacy and so it makes sense to leave them off. (Occasionally there’s an exception to this, like if an older job was extraordinarily impressive or it shows a long-running interest in a field that your more recent job history doesn’t show — but most of the time it makes sense to leave older jobs off.)
Related:
how far back should your resume go?
2. Can I combine two positions on my resume?
Can I combine two positions on my resume? I did the same job on two different teams within the same organization for a year each; the first was a fixed-term contract for maternity cover, the second was a toxic team, where I started in March 2020 and I couldn’t stay longer for my own physical and mental health. Since leaving that team, I’ve been in my current (very similar) role in the same industry for four years. My current manager understood why I was leaving the old team when she hired me, as my old boss had a reputation in our industry.
Now I’m looking for a similar role in a different sector, and I’m not sure how to best present my experience. I know that job-hopping is generally frowned upon, so would it be acceptable to lump the two previous roles together as “two years working as an X at Y” or should I keep them separate? I’ve not got much job history before this as I graduated in 2018.
Since the jobs were both at the same organization, it doesn’t really raise job-hopping concerns; job-hopping is about moving from company to company, not moving around within a company. But regardless, you can list it this way:
Groats Academy, July 2019 – November 2020
Oatmeal Stirrer, July 2019 – February 2020
Oatmeal Taster, February 2020 – November 2020
* achievement
* achievement
* achievement
On the other hand, if your title was the same in both positions, then you can just list the title once, without separating it out like that. But if the two titles were different, you should list them both (so that the info your company verifies will match up with what you listed).
3. Can I combine two positions on my resume, part 2
I’m updating my resume and wondering if I need to separate duties for two roles that were similar — think payroll senior specialist and payroll manager. If I was in each role approximately the same amount of time, can I just combine the two as far as the accomplishment bullets? I am including both roles with their dates, so this isn’t to present things as if I was the manager the whole time.
Also, as far as measurable accomplishments, will it look strange/bad if I have more as a specialist (I do) than I did as the manager?
You can combine them the exact same way as shown in #2 above — where you list both titles and the dates you held them, but combine accomplishments for both. (Note this only makes sense to do when the roles are similar; you wouldn’t do it if the work of each was very different.)
Your second question is moot if you’re combining them, but if they were separated out: it wouldn’t look bad if you had more accomplishments as a specialist than as a manager unless you a manager for much longer than you were a specialist. In that case, I might advise balancing them out a little more (meaning cutting some of the specialist accomplishments unless they’re all so impressive that none should be sacrificed).
4. Education section of a resume when you don’t have a degree
I got my GED over 20 years ago, but due to a combination of money, undiagnosed ADHD, and chronic illness, I never completed even an associate’s degree, despite many attempts over the years. In the past, I just left education off my resume entirely, but I’m unsure how that would go nowadays, especially since I’ve been a paralegal for years at this point. How would you recommend handling it?
(Many people, including some in the legal industry, don’t realize that anyone can be a paralegal and there is not a required certification, although there are many programs that do so. I was merely fortunate enough to be taken under the wing by an amazing attorney who worked her way through law school as a paralegal herself.)
Just keep leaving the education section off your resume. If you don’t have anything to put there, it’s completely fine to just skip it.
If you think the coursework you did complete would strengthen your resume, it’s fine to include something like “coursework in taco analysis at the University of Dinner,” but you don’t have to include it if you don’t think it adds anything.
Related:
should you list coursework on your resume?
5. When you attended college but didn’t graduate
Due to struggles with mental health (to greatly simplify a complicated situation), I ended up withdrawing from my state university in 2018 after attending for four years. I did not receive a diploma, and I was more than a semester away from doing so. I did spend a couple years at community college after this, but again, did not receive any degree. When applying for my current job, I was still attending community college, and had my state university on my resume (dates attended listed, no mention of graduation).
Now I’m more at peace with the thought that I may never go back to college, but I’m wondering how to address it on my resume. In an interview or cover letter, I know I could talk about how I’ve learned my own strengths and weaknesses, as well as knowledge and experience you can only achieve from higher education! But because I will be essentially stuck in the service industry for the foreseeable future, I don’t know if it matters to put university on a resume when I’m applying. It also feels a little icky because one might assume that because I attended for four years, I obtained my degree. So should I leave in my “education”? Should I drop the dates and just say “no degree acquired”?
See the answer above! You don’t need to include it at all if you don’t think it strengths your candidacy, but it’s also fine to have an Education section that says something like:
University of Dinner, 2014-2018
or
University of Dinner, 2014-2018 (coursework only)
or
University of Dinner (coursework only)
or
University of Dinner, 2014-2018
Tacotown Community College, 2019-2020
You’re not implying you have a degree if you don’t specifically call out that you don’t, but it’s also fine to clarify like in the second and third examples above.
It’s also fine to remove the years; in general, the further away you are from when you attended, the more you should just leave them off entirely. At some point the years aren’t not relevant anymore, and at some point you’re also getting closer to age discrimination considerations. You don’t have to include the years.
6. What dates to list for a job when I left for a month but then came back
In December, I left Employer 1 to go to Employer 2, but due to restructuring was terminated from Employer 2 in January. Employer 1 never backfilled my role and I accepted their offer to basically pick up where I left off, beginning in February.
As I started again at Employer 1 in February and did not work there at all in January, I don’t think it is accurate for my resume in future job searches to say “Employer 1 – Beginning date—current,” as that would imply there was no break in service and that I worked there in February. I don’t plan to include Employer 2 on my resume, given my short tenure and lack of real accomplishments while there. How should my future resumes account for the break in service at Employer 1 in February without getting unwieldy or confusing?
Like this:
Employer 1
June 2023 – December 2024, February 2025 – present
7. Listing a less skilled, less relevant current job on a resume
I was laid off from my job over a year ago. While I’m still applying for jobs in my field, I was recently lucky enough to get set up with a long-term temp job … in an unskilled position with absolutely no relevance to my experience or industry (think experienced journalist turned grocery store cashier). How do I list this on my resume? I don’t want it to be the first thing recruiters see, but I obviously want to show that I’m taking initiative and paying my bills even if the job market is slow.
One option is to divide your Experience section into Relevant Experience and Other Experience, and list the irrelevant stuff under the latter.
But you also don’t need to include it at all if you don’t think it strengthens your candidacy for a particular job.
